Paul, Alice, 1885-1977
Variant namesQuaker, lawyer, and lifelong activist for women's rights, Alice Paul was educated at Swarthmore and the University of Pennsylvania, where her doctoral dissertation was on the legal status of women in Pennsylvania. She later earned law degrees from Washington College of Law and American University.
Paul also studied economics and sociology at the universities of London and Birmingham and worked at a number of British social settlements (1907-1910). While in England she was active in the Women's Social and Political Union and was arrested and jailed repeatedly as a participant in the campaign for women's rights led by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters, Christabel and Sylvia.
Returning to the United States in 1910, Paul was appointed chair of the Congressional Committee of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in 1912. It campaigned for the passage of a federal amendment and for a time functioned concurrently with the new Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage, founded by AP in April 1913. In June 1916, following a clash between advocates of a federal amendment and proponents of a state-by-state approach, Paul founded the National Woman's Party, its sole plank a resolution calling for immediate passage of the federal amendment guaranteeing the enfranchisement of women. After the ratification of the suffrage amendment in 1920, the NWP began a long battle to end all legal discrimination against women in the United States and to raise the legal, social, and economic status of women around the world. The Equal Rights Amendment, as written by Paul in 1923, was first introduced in Congress in December of that year.
On the international front, in the 1920s the NWP campaigned for women's rights in conjunction with the Six Point Group and the Open Door Council, and in 1928 helped to establish the Inter-American Commission of Women, an advisory unit of the Pan American Union (later the Organization of American States). Beginning in 1920, the NWP, through its membership in Equal Rights International and with the Women's Consultative Committee on Nationality of the League of Nations, worked to improve the legal status of women.
In 1938 Paul founded the World Woman's Party in Geneva, Switzerland. After the war, the WWP lobbied successfully for the inclusion of equality provisions in the United Nations charter, and worked in close consultation with the Commission on the Status of women and the Commission on Human Rights on numerous reports on the status of women, and on including equal rights provisions in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Paul died in Moorestown, N.J., on July 9, 1977.
From the description of Papers, 1785-1985 (inclusive), 1805-1985 (bulk). (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 232007623
| Role | Title | Holding Repository | |
|---|---|---|---|
| referencedIn | Powell, Rose Arnold, 1876-1961. Papers, 1922-1961 (inclusive). | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Papers of Helen Brewster Owens, 1867-1948 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Lindseth, Jon A.,. Lindseth collection of American woman suffrage, [ca. 1820-1920]. | Cornell University Library | |
| referencedIn | Hallinan, Hazel Hunkins. Talk to Women's Press Club : Washington, D.C. : ms., 1977 Aug. 23. | UC Berkeley Libraries | |
| referencedIn | Papers, (inclusive), (bulk), 1914-1998, 1937-1978 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Amy C. Ransome collection on Women's Suffrage, 1884-1949 | USC Libraries Special Collections | |
| referencedIn | Park, Maud Wood, 1871-1955. Papers in the Woman's Rights Collection, 1870-1960 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Gawthorpe, Mary Eleanor, 1881-1973. Mary E. Gawthorpe : papers, 1881-1990 (bulk 1907-1933). | Churchill County Museum | |
| referencedIn | Laidlaw, H. B. (Harriet Burton), b. 1874. Papers: Series I-IV, 1851-1958 (inclusive). | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Kitchelt, Florence Ledyard Cross, 1874-1961. Papers, 1885-1961 (inclusive). | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Foley, Margaret, 1875-1957. Papers, 1847-1968 (inclusive), 1909-1929 (bulk). | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| creatorOf | Paul, Alice, 1885-1977. Reminiscences of Alice Paul : oral history, 1973. | Columbia University in the City of New York, Columbia University Libraries | |
| referencedIn | Lindseth collection of American woman suffrage, [ca. 1820-1920]. | Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library. | |
| referencedIn | Fine Arts Co. of Philadelphia, Inc. Publicity books and auction catalogs, 1978-1993. | Winterthur Library | |
| referencedIn | Pollitzer, Anita, 1894-1975. Anita Pollitzer family papers, 1845-1979. | South Carolina Historical Society | |
| referencedIn | Women's rights collection, 1914-1957. | Texas Woman's University Library, Mary Evelyn Blagg-Huey Library | |
| referencedIn | Laidlaw, Harriet Burton, 1873-1949. Papers, 1851-1958 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Amy C. Ransome collection on Women's Suffrage, 1884-1949 | USC Libraries Special Collections | |
| creatorOf | Lloyd, Lola Maverick, 1875-1944. Lola Maverick Lloyd papers, 1856-1949. | New York Public Library System, NYPL | |
| referencedIn | Papers of Rebecca Hourwich Reyher, 1877-1988 (inclusive), 1915-1970 (bulk) | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | White, Sue Shelton, 1887-1943. Papers, 1898-1963 (inclusive), 1909-1963 (bulk). | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| creatorOf | Anthony, Daniel Read, 1870-1931. Daniel Read Anthony, Jr., papers, 1907-1928 (bulk 1907-1908, 1926-1928). | Kansas State Historical Society | |
| referencedIn | Batten, Pluma Burroughs Penton, 1894-. Papers, 1948-1964 (inclusive), 1950-1956 (bulk). | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Pollitzer, Mabel. Mabel Pollitzer oral history interview, 1973 September 5 ; [transcript / Constance Myers, interviewer]. | University of South Carolina, System Library Service, University Libraries | |
| creatorOf | Equal Suffrage Association of Idaho (Boise, Idaho). Records, 1895-1916. | Idaho State Archives, Idaho State Historical Society | |
| referencedIn | Papers, 1908-1962. | New York State Historical Documents Inventory | |
| referencedIn | Martin, Anne, 1875-1951. Portraits of women suffragists from the Anne Henrietta Martin papers [graphic]. | Bancroft Library | |
| referencedIn | Oakley, Violet, 1874-1961. Correspondence, 1918-1923. | Temple University Libraries, Paley Library | |
| referencedIn | National Woman's Party Records, 1850-1975, (bulk 1913-1972) | Library of Congress. Manuscript Division | |
| referencedIn | Women's rights collection, 1789-2000 (bulk: 1864-1983) | Smith College, Neilson Library | |
| referencedIn | Miller, Emma Guffey, 1874-1970. Papers: Series III-IV, 1900-1972 (inclusive) [microform]. | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Foley, Margaret, 1875-1957. Papers, 1847-1968 (bulk: 1909-1929) | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Atwater, Adeline. Adeline Lobdell Atwater papers, ca. 1932-1956. | Newberry Library | |
| referencedIn | Papers of of Alma Lutz,1921-1961 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Roberts, Margaret Stevenson, 1872-1952. Papers, 1896-1956 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Papers of Jane Norman Smith, 1913-1953 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Papers, 1938(1942-1947) 1959 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Lola Maverick Lloyd papers, 1856-1949 | New York Public Library. Manuscripts and Archives Division | |
| referencedIn | Federal Writers' Project. Women's archives, 1890-1953. | New Jersey Historical Society Library | |
| referencedIn | Butler, Jessee H. Suffragists. | California State University, Long Beach | |
| creatorOf | Palmer, William Kimberly, 1856-. William Kimberly Palmer scrapbook : Chicopee, Mass. : 1921-1933. | UC Berkeley Libraries | |
| referencedIn | Norris, Katharine Augusta, d. 1949. Papers, 1943-1948 (inclusive). | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Catalogue I of the Regional Oral History Office, 1954-1979 | Bancroft Library | |
| referencedIn | McCulloch, Catharine Waugh, 1862-1945. Papers in the Mary Earhart Dillon collection, 1869-1945 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Wiley, Anna Kelton, 1877-1964. Papers, 1893-1962 (inclusive). | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Papers of Grace A. Johnson in the Woman's Rights Collection, 1840-1952 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Suffragists Oral History Collection MS 421., 1959-1977 | Sophia Smith Collection | |
| referencedIn | Women's Project of New Jersey. Records, 1984-2004 | Rutgers Special Collections and University Archives | |
| creatorOf | Catt, Carrie Chapman, 1859-1947. Correspondence with Alice Paul, and addresses, 1913-1917. | Pennsylvania State University Libraries | |
| referencedIn | Marks, Jeannette Augustus, 1875-1964. Papers, 1938-1959 (inclusive). | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Roberts, Margaret Stevenson, 1872-1952. Papers, 1896-1956 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Granger, Dorothy Shipley, 1899-1998. Papers, 1914-1998 (inclusive), 1937-1978 (bulk). | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| creatorOf | Papers of Alice Paul, 1785-1985 (inclusive), 1805-1985 (bulk) | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Stevens, Doris, 1888-1963. Papers, 1884-1983 (inclusive), 1920-1960 (bulk). | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Suffragists Oral History Project (Bancroft Library). Transcripts of oral history project, 1959-1974 (inclusive). | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| creatorOf | Paul, Alice, 1885-1977. Papers: Series III-V, 1839-1984 (inclusive). | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Rupp, Leila J., 1950-. Audiotape collection of Leila J. Rupp and Verta A. Taylor, 1979-1983. | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Ames, Blanche. Papers in the Woman's Rights Collection, 1913-1940 (inclusive). | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Bancroft Library. Regional Oral History Office Oral History Interviews, 1959-1979, (bulk 1969-1975) | Library of Congress. Manuscript Division | |
| referencedIn | Anita Pollitzer papers, 1923-1964, 1945-1946 (bulk). | New York State Historical Documents Inventory | |
| referencedIn | Anonymous. Scrapbook, 1910-1919 (inclusive). | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Seydell, Mildred, 1889-1988. Mildred Seydell papers, 1842-1978. | Emory University. Special Collections and Archives | |
| referencedIn | Dennett, Mary Ware, 1872-1947. Papers: Series III, 1909-1942 (inclusive) [microform]. | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | National Woman's Party. National Woman's Party papers: the suffrage years, 1889-1940 (inclusive), 1913-1920 (bulk), [microform]. | Yale University Library | |
| referencedIn | Hunkins-Hallinan, Hazel. Papers, 1864-1984 (inclusive). | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Anthony, Susan B. (Susan Brownell), 1820-1906. Anthony family collection, 1844-1945. | Huntington Library, Art Collections & Botanical Gardens | |
| referencedIn | Babcock, Caroline L. (Caroline Lexow), b. 1882. Papers of Caroline Lexow Babcock and Olive E. Hurlburt, 1906-1961 (inclusive). | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Papers, 1864-1984 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Paschall, Edith Verlenden, 1881-1961. Edith V. Paschall papers related to Swarthmore College alumni activities, 1933-1961 bulk 1957-1961. | Historical Society of Pennsylvania | |
| referencedIn | Papers, 1898, 1909-1963 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Berrien, Laura M. Papers, 1944-1948 (inclusive). | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Papers, 1867, 1895, 1902-1948 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Women's Rights Collection, 1789-2000 (bulk: 1864-1983) | Smith College, Neilson Library | |
| referencedIn | Ames, Blanche, 1878-1969. Papers in the Woman's Rights Collection, 1913-1940 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Wisconsin Society for the Equal Rights Amendment. Records, 1945-1962. | Wisconsin Historical Society, Newspaper Project | |
| referencedIn | Miller, Emma Guffey, 1874-1970. Papers, 1833-1975 (bulk: 1884-1972) | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| creatorOf | Bancroft Library. Regional Oral History Office Oral History Interviews, 1959-1979, (bulk 1969-1975) | Library of Congress. Manuscript Division | |
| referencedIn | Papers of Mary Ware Dennett | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | National Woman's Party. National Woman's Party papers, 1913-1974 (inclusive), [microform]. | Yale University Library | |
| referencedIn | Adelaide Johnson Papers, 1873-1947 | Library of Congress. Manuscript Division | |
| referencedIn | Leonard, Margery C., 1907-. Papers, 1929-1990 (inclusive). | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Papers of Inez Haynes Gillmore, 1872-1945 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Guide to the Mary E. Gawthorpe Papers, 1881-1990 | Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives | |
| creatorOf | Paul, Alice, 1885-1977. Papers, 1785-1985 (inclusive), 1805-1985 (bulk). | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | West, Helen Hunt, 1892-1963. Papers, 1917-1964 (inclusive). | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| creatorOf | National Woman's Party Records, 1850-1975, (bulk 1913-1972) | Library of Congress. Manuscript Division | |
| referencedIn | Ruth Fitch Mason papers, 1908-1962. | New York State Historical Documents Inventory | |
| referencedIn | Philbrook, Mary. Papers, 1843-1954. | New Jersey Historical Society Library | |
| referencedIn | Papers of Burnita Shelton Matthews, 1926-1981 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Hill, Elsie Mary, 1883-1970. Elsie M. Hill papers, 1898-1970. | Vassar College | |
| creatorOf | Paul, Alice, 1885-1977. Collection, 1907-1992. | Swarthmore College, Peace Collection, SCPC | |
| referencedIn | Park, Maud Wood, 1871-1955. Papers in the Woman's Rights Collection, 1870-1960 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| creatorOf | Anne Henrietta Martin papers, 1892-1951. | UC Berkeley Libraries | |
| referencedIn | Rebecca Shelley Papers, 1890-1984 | Bentley Historical Library | |
| creatorOf | Wood, Charles Erskine Scott, 1852-1944. Papers of C. E. S. Wood, 1829-1980 (bulk 1870-1940). | Huntington Library, Art Collections & Botanical Gardens | |
| creatorOf | Grimes, Lucia Isabelle Voorhees, 1877-1978. Lucia I.V. Grimes papers, 1912-1949. | Bentley Historical Library | |
| referencedIn | Papers, 1898-1970. | New York State Historical Documents Inventory | |
| creatorOf | Paul, Alice, 1885-1977. [Videotape collection] [videorecording]. | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Ransome, Amy C., 1872-1942. Amy C. Ransome collection on Women's Suffrage, 1884-1949. | University of Southern California, USC Libraries | |
| referencedIn | Branham, Lucy Gwynne, 1892-1966. Lucy Gwynne Branham papers, 1892-2004 (bulk 1917-1966). | Library of Congress | |
| referencedIn | Papers, 1948 (1950-1956) 1964 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Katzenstein, Caroline. Caroline Katzenstein papers 1850-1965 bulk 1909-1965. | Historical Society of Pennsylvania | |
| referencedIn | McCulloch, Catharine Waugh, 1862-1945. Papers in the Mary Earhart Dillon Collection, 1869-1945 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| creatorOf | Hayden, Gillette, 1880-1929. Papers 1916-1927. | Ohio History Connection, Ohio Historical Society | |
| referencedIn | Lucia Isabelle Voorhees Grimes Papers, 1900-1977 | Bentley Historical Library | |
| referencedIn | Mabel Vernon papers, 1914-1920 | Bancroft Library | |
| referencedIn | Pollitzer, Anita, 1894-1975. Anita Pollitzer papers, 1880-1996. | University of South Carolina, System Library Service, University Libraries | |
| referencedIn | Guerrero, Christine. Ephemera collection, 1975-2001 (inclusive). | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Lewis, Dora Kelly, b. 1862. Collection, 1884-1921. | Historical Society of Pennsylvania | |
| referencedIn | Papers of Grace A. Johnson in the Woman's Rights Collection, 1840-1952 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| creatorOf | Mabel Vernon papers, 1914-1920. | UC Berkeley Libraries | |
| referencedIn | Papers, 1923-1964, 1945-1946 (bulk) | New York State Historical Documents Inventory | |
| referencedIn | Papers, 1906-1961 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Collection, 1921-1961 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Papers, 1893-1962 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Papers, 1922 - 1961 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Papers, 1872-1945 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Papers of Jane Norman Smith, 1913-1953 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | She's Nobody's Baby collection, 1980-1987 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Papers, 1943-1948 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Papers, 1917-1964 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Guide to the Daily Worker and Daily World Photographs Collection, 1920-2001 | Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives | |
| referencedIn | Autograph Letter Collection: Emancipation of Women, British Commonwealth and United States of America, 1876-1951 | The Women' s Library | |
| creatorOf | Videotapes, 1976-1977 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| creatorOf | Papers, 1785, 1805-1985 | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Reyher, Rebecca Hourwich, 1897-1987. Papers, 1877-1988 (bulk: 1915-1970) | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | Eastman, Max Forrester, 1883-1969. Eastman mss. 1892-1968 | Lilly Library (Indiana University, Bloomington) | |
| referencedIn | Curtis, Lucile Atcherson, 1894-1986. Papers, 1863-1986 (bulk: 1917-1927) | Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America | |
| referencedIn | John Reed papers, 1903-1967. | Houghton Library |
| Role | Title | Holding Repository |
|---|
Filters:
| Place Name | Admin Code | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Moorestown | NJ | US | |
| Mount Laurel | NJ | US |
| Subject |
|---|
| Christian Scientists |
| Citizenship |
| Equal rights amendments |
| Feminism |
| Feminists |
| Society of Friends |
| International law |
| Minimum wage |
| Refugees |
| Sex discrimination against women |
| Suffragists |
| Women |
| Women |
| Women |
| Women |
| Women |
| Women |
| Women (International law) |
| Women's rights |
| Women's rights |
| World War, 1939-1945 |
| Occupation |
|---|
| Lawyers |
| Social workers |
| Suffragists |
| Activity |
|---|
Person
Birth 1885-01-11
Death 1977-07-09
