Blake, William, 1757-1827

Epithet: poet, engraver, artist

British Library Archives and Manuscripts Catalogue : Person : Description : ark:/81055/vdc_100000001137.0x0001f1

The original manuscript was acquired in 1847 by the English poet Dante Gabriel Rossetti. It is now, British Library. Add. 49460.

From the description of Rossetti manuscript : [stats], 1935. (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 612881103

English artist, poet and mystic.

From the description of Autograph letter signed : Sth Molton Street [London], to William Hayley, 1804 June 22. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270527692

From the description of Autograph letter signed : [London], to William Hayley, 1804 Apr. 27. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270521803

From the description of Autograph letter signed : [London], to John Linnell, 1826 Mar. 31. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270521819

From the description of Autograph letter signed : [London], to William Hayley, 1804 Mar. 16. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270521795

London 1757-1827 London.

From the description of Christ Trampling on Satan [printing plate]. [18--] (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270965421

English poet and painter.

From the description of ALS : to Dawson Turner, 1818 June 9. (Rosenbach Museum & Library). WorldCat record id: 145507004

English poet and artist.

From the description of The everlasting gospel : AMs fragment, [ca. 1818]. (Rosenbach Museum & Library). WorldCat record id: 122586116

Poet.

From the description of William Blake letterbook, 1804-1880. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 79454111

William Blake, born November 28, 1757, in London, was a poet, engraver, and painter. He was first educated at home, and in 1767 was sent to Henry Pars' drawing school in London, where for four years he drew copies of plaster casts of ancient sculptures. This was followed by an apprenticeship as an engraver with James Basire, an engraver to the London Society of Antiquaries. During his apprenticeship, Blake was sent to make drawings of monuments and tombs in Westminster, where he acquired a taste for Gothic art. In 1779 Blake began studies as an engraving student at the Royal Academy, where he associated with the sculptor John Flaxman and the painters Thomas Stothard and Henri Fuseli. Blake painted from his imagination, which was stimulated from an early age by visions of angels, monks, and various historical figures.

In 1782 Blake married Catherine Boucher. He taught her to draw and paint and she became his assistant. With his wife and younger brother Robert, Blake opened a print shop in 1784. In 1787 Robert Blake died, and afterwards William Blake had a vision in which his brother revealed to him a new technique of relief etching by which text and illustration could be printed from one plate. The following year Blake used his new technique as he began work on The Songs of Innocence, which he completed and hand-produced with his wife in 1789. Most of Blake's works after this time were printed with this method and were issued in small editions.

In 1791 Blake moved to Lambeth where he started work on the "prophetic books," which dealt with the soul's struggle between the freedom of its natural energies on one hand and reason and organized religion on the other. In October 1793 Blake published a prospectus, To the Public, which advertised his recent illuminated books: The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, The Visions of the Daughters of Albion, and America, A Prophecy . These were soon followed by The Book of Urizen (1794), The Songs of Experience (1794), Europe, a Prophecy (1794), and The Song of Los (1795). His illustrations started to become larger, and more color was being used. Blake began creating paintings, and in 1795 he produced a series of twelve large watercolor prints.

Blake started receiving some commissions during this time: from Richard Edwards in 1796 to illustrate Edward Young's The Complaint and the Consolation, or Night Thoughts (1797); from his friend John Flaxman, in about 1801, to produce a set of watercolor designs to be bound with Flaxman's copy of Thomas Gray's Poems (1790); and from Thomas Butts to create a series of paintings on biblical themes (1799-1805). Then in 1800 he was invited by the poet William Hayley to live at Hayley's estate at Felpham in Sussex, where Blake stayed for three years. Hayley commissioned a number of works from Blake, including the illustrations for Hayley's Little Tom the Sailor (1800), and the engravings for his Life and Posthumous Writings of William Cowper (1803), and his Ballads on Anecdotes Relating to Animals (1805). By 1802 Blake had become weary of the obligations related to his residency at Hayley's estate, and in 1803 he returned to London. Here he continued work begun at Felpham on Milton: a Poem in 2 Books (1804-1808) and started work on his last illuminated book, Jerusalem (1804-1818).

In May 1809 Blake held a one-man exhibition in his brother James' hosiery shop, but the exhibit attracted little attention. In the following years Blake became relatively obscure, and received just enough engraving work to barely support himself and his wife, but he did continue with his own work.

Blake began to develop a following in the 1820s after obtaining the support of the painter John Linnell. Linnell commissioned a series of watercolor designs to be published as engravings from Dante's Divine Comedy (of which only seven were engraved at the time of Blake's death) and a set of watercolors and engravings, Illustrations of the Book of Job (1826), which were based on watercolors that Blake created earlier for Thomas Butts. Linnell also found other commissions for Blake, and introduced the artist to a circle that included Samuel Palmer, Edward Calvert, George Richmond, Frederick Tatham, and others who would later call themselves the Ancients, and for whom Blake was a hero and great influence. Blake died August 12, 1827, in London.

From the guide to the William Blake Art Collection, ca. 1780-1827, n.d., (Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center The University of Texas at Austin)